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Bori Formation

Bori Fm


Period: 
Permian

Age Interval: 
Early Permian (Sakmarian)


Province: 
SouthAfrica-Namibia-Botswana

Type Locality and Naming

Central Kalahari Sub-basin, Botswana. Like many units in the Kalahari Basin, it was formally mapped and defined primarily from extensive coal and groundwater boreholes by the Botswana Geological Survey, alongside isolated stream exposures. Lower formation in Ecca Gr in Kalahari Basin (Central)

Synonym:


Lithology and Thickness

Dominated by a thick basinal sequence of grey to dark brown and black carbonaceous mudstones and argillites. The upper portions frequently contain interbedded siltstones and thin sandstone lenses that often exhibit planar parallel lamination depicting fining-upward pulses.


Lithology Pattern: 
Claystone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Conformably overlies the post-glacial and glaciolacustrine deposits of the Dwyka Gr, or rests directly and unconformably on the Archean/Proterozoic basement where the Dwyka is absent.

Upper contact

Conformably and transitionally overlain by the massive, coarse-grained fluvio-deltaic sandstones of the Kweneng Fm (Middle Ecca equivalent).

Regional extent

Widespread across the subsurface of the Central and Southern Kalahari Basin in Botswana. Lower Ecca Gr equivalent. It chronostratigraphically correlates with the Makoro Fm and Tswane Fm in the eastern and northern Botswana sub-basins, and broadly with the Prince Albert Fm and Pietermaritzburg Fm in the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa.


GeoJSON

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Fossils


Age 

Early Permian (Sakmarian)

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Sakmarian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.5

    Beginning date (Ma): 
292.02

    Ending stage: 
Sakmarian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
290.51

Depositional setting

Post-glacial marine to expansive lacustrine (pro-delta) environments.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

From the O. Catuneanu et al. / Journal of African Earth Sciences 43 (2005) 211–253; Smith, R. A. (1984): The lithostratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in Botswana. Geological Survey of Botswana; Wendorff, M., et al. (2013): Stratigraphy and sediment provenance of the Karoo Supergroup in Southern Botswana using geochemical indicators.